Impact is assessed in several ways:
- The benefits to human society arising from dams, such as agriculture, water, floods and hydroelectric power.
- Harm to nature and wildlife (especially rare species) and impact on the geology of an area.
- Whether the change to water flow and levels will increase or decrease stability, and the disruption to human lives.
A large dam can cause the loss of entire ecospheres, including endangered and undiscovered species in the area, and the replacement of the original environment by a new inland lake.
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